Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly resistant to anti-PD-I immunotherapies due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. A principal feature of HCC is it expresses high inter- and intra-tumoral sympathetic nerve infiltration. Modulating sympathetic signaling to the liver may represent a new therapeutic approach for HCC. This study aimed to investigate in a preclinical model the effects of sympathetic neurolysis combined with systemic checkpoint inhibition in HCC tumors.
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