Previous in-vitro and in-vivo studies in the rat and woodchuck HCC models have demonstrated transarterial chemoembolization with caffeic acid (CA-TACE), a monocarboxylate transport inhibitor, to provide improved tumor regression compared to bland embolization alone. However, there are minimal in-vivo mechanistic studies to elucidate the pathways involved that result in this improved outcome. Herein, we describe a novel use of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) in combination with immunohistochemistry (IHC), to spatially map the pathways regulated by CA-TACE in a woodchuck model of HCC.
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